# $$p$$-Adic ZZ_pX FM Element¶

$$p$$-Adic ZZ_pX FM Element

This file implements elements of Eisenstein and unramified extensions of $$\mathbb{Z}_p$$ with fixed modulus precision.

For the parent class see padic_extension_leaves.pyx.

The underlying implementation is through NTL’s ZZ_pX class. Each element contains the following data:

• value (ZZ_pX_c) – An ntl ZZ_pX storing the value. The variable $$x$$ is the uniformizer in the case of Eisenstein extensions. This ZZ_pX is created with global ntl modulus determined by the parent’s precision cap and shared among all elements.
• prime_pow (some subclass of PowComputer_ZZ_pX) – a class, identical among all elements with the same parent, holding common data.
• prime_pow.deg – The degree of the extension
• prime_pow.e – The ramification index
• prime_pow.f – The inertia degree
• prime_pow.prec_cap – the unramified precision cap. For Eisenstein extensions this is the smallest power of p that is zero.
• prime_pow.ram_prec_cap – the ramified precision cap. For Eisenstein extensions this will be the smallest power of $$x$$ that is indistinguishable from zero.
• prime_pow.pow_ZZ_tmp, prime_pow.pow_mpz_t_tmp, prime_pow.pow_Integer – functions for accessing powers of $$p$$. The first two return pointers. See sage/rings/padics/pow_computer_ext for examples and important warnings.
• prime_pow.get_context, prime_pow.get_context_capdiv, prime_pow.get_top_context – obtain an ntl_ZZ_pContext_class corresponding to $$p^n$$. The capdiv version divides by prime_pow.e as appropriate. top_context corresponds to $$p^{prec_cap}$$.
• prime_pow.restore_context, prime_pow.restore_context_capdiv, prime_pow.restore_top_context – restores the given context.
• prime_pow.get_modulus, get_modulus_capdiv, get_top_modulus – Returns a ZZ_pX_Modulus_c* pointing to a polynomial modulus defined modulo $$p^n$$ (appropriately divided by prime_pow.e in the capdiv case).

EXAMPLES:

An Eisenstein extension:

sage: R = ZpFM(5,5)
sage: S.<x> = R[]
sage: f = x^5 + 75*x^3 - 15*x^2 +125*x - 5
sage: W.<w> = R.ext(f); W
Eisenstein Extension of 5-adic Ring of fixed modulus 5^5 in w defined by (1 + O(5^5))*x^5 + (O(5^5))*x^4 + (3*5^2 + O(5^5))*x^3 + (2*5 + 4*5^2 + 4*5^3 + 4*5^4 + O(5^5))*x^2 + (5^3 + O(5^5))*x + (4*5 + 4*5^2 + 4*5^3 + 4*5^4 + O(5^5))
sage: z = (1+w)^5; z
1 + w^5 + w^6 + 2*w^7 + 4*w^8 + 3*w^10 + w^12 + 4*w^13 + 4*w^14 + 4*w^15 + 4*w^16 + 4*w^17 + 4*w^20 + w^21 + 4*w^24 + O(w^25)
sage: y = z >> 1; y
w^4 + w^5 + 2*w^6 + 4*w^7 + 3*w^9 + w^11 + 4*w^12 + 4*w^13 + 4*w^14 + 4*w^15 + 4*w^16 + 4*w^19 + w^20 + 4*w^23 + 4*w^24 + O(w^25)
sage: y.valuation()
4
sage: y.precision_relative()
21
sage: y.precision_absolute()
25
sage: z - (y << 1)
1 + O(w^25)


An unramified extension:

sage: g = x^3 + 3*x + 3
sage: A.<a> = R.ext(g)
sage: z = (1+a)^5; z
(2*a^2 + 4*a) + (3*a^2 + 3*a + 1)*5 + (4*a^2 + 3*a + 4)*5^2 + (4*a^2 + 4*a + 4)*5^3 + (4*a^2 + 4*a + 4)*5^4 + O(5^5)
sage: z - 1 - 5*a - 10*a^2 - 10*a^3 - 5*a^4 - a^5
O(5^5)
sage: y = z >> 1; y
(3*a^2 + 3*a + 1) + (4*a^2 + 3*a + 4)*5 + (4*a^2 + 4*a + 4)*5^2 + (4*a^2 + 4*a + 4)*5^3 + O(5^5)
sage: 1/a
(3*a^2 + 4) + (a^2 + 4)*5 + (3*a^2 + 4)*5^2 + (a^2 + 4)*5^3 + (3*a^2 + 4)*5^4 + O(5^5)


Different printing modes:

sage: R = ZpFM(5, print_mode='digits'); S.<x> = R[]; f = x^5 + 75*x^3 - 15*x^2 + 125*x -5; W.<w> = R.ext(f)
sage: z = (1+w)^5; repr(z)
'...4110403113210310442221311242000111011201102002023303214332011214403232013144001400444441030421100001'
sage: R = ZpFM(5, print_mode='bars'); S.<x> = R[]; g = x^3 + 3*x + 3; A.<a> = R.ext(g)
sage: z = (1+a)^5; repr(z)
'...[4, 4, 4]|[4, 4, 4]|[4, 4, 4]|[4, 4, 4]|[4, 4, 4]|[4, 4, 4]|[4, 4, 4]|[4, 4, 4]|[4, 4, 4]|[4, 4, 4]|[4, 4, 4]|[4, 4, 4]|[4, 4, 4]|[4, 4, 4]|[4, 4, 4]|[4, 4, 4]|[4, 4, 4]|[4, 3, 4]|[1, 3, 3]|[0, 4, 2]'
sage: R = ZpFM(5, print_mode='terse'); S.<x> = R[]; f = x^5 + 75*x^3 - 15*x^2 + 125*x -5; W.<w> = R.ext(f)
sage: z = (1+w)^5; z
6 + 95367431640505*w + 25*w^2 + 95367431640560*w^3 + 5*w^4 + O(w^100)
sage: R = ZpFM(5, print_mode='val-unit'); S.<x> = R[]; f = x^5 + 75*x^3 - 15*x^2 + 125*x -5; W.<w> = R.ext(f)
sage: y = (1+w)^5 - 1; y
w^5 * (2090041 + 95367431439401*w + 76293946571402*w^2 + 57220458985049*w^3 + 57220459001160*w^4) + O(w^100)


AUTHORS:

• David Roe (2008-01-01) initial version

Creates a new pAdicZZpXFMElement out of an ntl_ZZ_pX f, with parent parent. For use with pickling.

EXAMPLES:

sage: R = ZpFM(5,5)
sage: S.<x> = R[]
sage: f = x^5 + 75*x^3 - 15*x^2 +125*x - 5
sage: W.<w> = R.ext(f)
sage: z = (1 + w)^5 - 1
sage: loads(dumps(z)) == z # indirect doctest
True


Creates an element of a fixed modulus, unramified or eisenstein extension of $$\mathbb{Z}_p$$ or $$\mathbb{Q}_p$$.

INPUT:

• parent – either an EisensteinRingFixedMod or UnramifiedRingFixedMod
• x – an integer, rational, $$p$$-adic element, polynomial, list, integer_mod, pari int/frac/poly_t/pol_mod, an ntl_ZZ_pX, an ntl_ZZX, an ntl_ZZ, or an ntl_ZZ_p
• absprec – not used
• relprec – not used
• empty – whether to return after initializing to zero (without setting anything).

EXAMPLES:

sage: R = ZpFM(5,5)
sage: S.<x> = R[]
sage: f = x^5 + 75*x^3 - 15*x^2 +125*x - 5
sage: W.<w> = R.ext(f)
sage: z = (1+w)^5; z # indirect doctest
1 + w^5 + w^6 + 2*w^7 + 4*w^8 + 3*w^10 + w^12 + 4*w^13 + 4*w^14 + 4*w^15 + 4*w^16 + 4*w^17 + 4*w^20 + w^21 + 4*w^24 + O(w^25)


Check that trac ticket #3865 is fixed:

sage: W(gp('2 + O(5^2)'))
2 + O(w^25)


Returns a new element truncated modulo pi^absprec. This is only implemented for unramified extension at this point.

INPUT:

• absprec – an integer

OUTPUT:

a new element truncated modulo $$\pi^{\mbox{absprec}}$$.

EXAMPLES:

sage: R=Zp(7,4,'fixed-mod')
sage: a = R(1+7+7^2);
1 + O(7^4)

is_equal_to(right, absprec=None)

Returns whether self is equal to right modulo self.uniformizer()^absprec.

If absprec is None, returns if self is equal to right modulo the precision cap.

EXAMPLES:

sage: R = Zp(5,5)
sage: S.<x> = R[]
sage: f = x^5 + 75*x^3 - 15*x^2 +125*x - 5
sage: W.<w> = R.ext(f)
sage: a = W(47); b = W(47 + 25)
sage: a.is_equal_to(b)
False
sage: a.is_equal_to(b, 7)
True

is_zero(absprec=None)

Returns whether the valuation of self is at least absprec. If absprec is None, returns whether self is indistinguishable from zero.

EXAMPLES:

sage: R = ZpFM(5,5)
sage: S.<x> = R[]
sage: f = x^5 + 75*x^3 - 15*x^2 +125*x - 5
sage: W.<w> = R.ext(f)
sage: O(w^189).is_zero()
True
sage: W(0).is_zero()
True
sage: a = W(675)
sage: a.is_zero()
False
sage: a.is_zero(7)
True
sage: a.is_zero(21)
False

lift_to_precision(absprec=None)

Returns self.

EXAMPLES:

sage: R = ZpFM(5,5)
sage: S.<x> = R[]
sage: f = x^5 + 75*x^3 - 15*x^2 +125*x - 5
sage: W.<w> = R.ext(f)
sage: w.lift_to_precision(10000)
w + O(w^25)

list(lift_mode='simple')

Returns a list giving a series representation of self.

• If lift_mode == 'simple' or 'smallest', the returned list will consist of
• integers (in the eisenstein case) or
• lists of integers (in the unramified case).
• self can be reconstructed as
• a sum of elements of the list times powers of the uniformiser (in the eisenstein case), or
• as a sum of powers of the $$p$$ times polynomials in the generator (in the unramified case).
• If lift_mode == 'simple', all integers will be in the range $$[0,p-1]$$,
• If lift_mode == 'smallest' they will be in the range $$[(1-p)/2, p/2]$$.
• If lift_mode == 'teichmuller', returns a list of pAdicZZpXCRElements, all of which are Teichmuller representatives and such that self is the sum of that list times powers of the uniformizer.

EXAMPLES:

sage: R = ZpFM(5,5)
sage: S.<x> = R[]
sage: f = x^5 + 75*x^3 - 15*x^2 +125*x - 5
sage: W.<w> = R.ext(f)
sage: y = W(775); y
w^10 + 4*w^12 + 2*w^14 + w^15 + 2*w^16 + 4*w^17 + w^18 + w^20 + 2*w^21 + 3*w^22 + w^23 + w^24 + O(w^25)
sage: (y>>9).list()
[0, 1, 0, 4, 0, 2, 1, 2, 4, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 1, 1, 4, 1, 2, 4, 1, 0, 4, 3]
sage: (y>>9).list('smallest')
[0, 1, 0, -1, 0, 2, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2, 1, 1, -1, -1, 2, -2, 0, -2, -2, -2, 0, 2, -2, 2]
sage: w^10 - w^12 + 2*w^14 + w^15 + 2*w^16 + w^18 + 2*w^19 + w^20 + w^21 - w^22 - w^23 + 2*w^24
w^10 + 4*w^12 + 2*w^14 + w^15 + 2*w^16 + 4*w^17 + w^18 + w^20 + 2*w^21 + 3*w^22 + w^23 + w^24 + O(w^25)
sage: g = x^3 + 3*x + 3
sage: A.<a> = R.ext(g)
sage: y = 75 + 45*a + 1200*a^2; y
4*a*5 + (3*a^2 + a + 3)*5^2 + 4*a^2*5^3 + a^2*5^4 + O(5^5)
sage: y.list()
[[], [0, 4], [3, 1, 3], [0, 0, 4], [0, 0, 1]]
sage: y.list('smallest')
[[], [0, -1], [-2, 2, -2], [1], [0, 0, 2]]
sage: 5*((-2*5 + 25) + (-1 + 2*5)*a + (-2*5 + 2*125)*a^2)
4*a*5 + (3*a^2 + a + 3)*5^2 + 4*a^2*5^3 + a^2*5^4 + O(5^5)
sage: W(0).list()
[0]
sage: A(0,4).list()
[[]]

matrix_mod_pn()

Returns the matrix of right multiplication by the element on the power basis $$1, x, x^2, \ldots, x^{d-1}$$ for this extension field. Thus the emph{rows} of this matrix give the images of each of the $$x^i$$. The entries of the matrices are IntegerMod elements, defined modulo p^(self.absprec() / e).

Raises an error if self has negative valuation.

EXAMPLES:

sage: R = ZpFM(5,5)
sage: S.<x> = R[]
sage: f = x^5 + 75*x^3 - 15*x^2 +125*x - 5
sage: W.<w> = R.ext(f)
sage: a = (3+w)^7
sage: a.matrix_mod_pn()
[2757  333 1068  725 2510]
[  50 1507  483  318  725]
[ 500   50 3007 2358  318]
[1590 1375 1695 1032 2358]
[2415  590 2370 2970 1032]

norm(base=None)

Return the absolute or relative norm of this element.

NOTE! This is not the $$p$$-adic absolute value. This is a field theoretic norm down to a ground ring.

If you want the $$p$$-adic absolute value, use the abs() function instead.

If $$K$$ is given then $$K$$ must be a subfield of the parent $$L$$ of self, in which case the norm is the relative norm from $$L$$ to $$K$$. In all other cases, the norm is the absolute norm down to $$\mathbb{Q}_p$$ or $$\mathbb{Z}_p$$.

EXAMPLES:

sage: R = ZpCR(5,5)
sage: S.<x> = R[]
sage: f = x^5 + 75*x^3 - 15*x^2 +125*x - 5
sage: W.<w> = R.ext(f)
sage: ((1+2*w)^5).norm()
1 + 5^2 + O(5^5)
sage: ((1+2*w)).norm()^5
1 + 5^2 + O(5^5)

precision_absolute()

Returns the absolute precision of self, ie the precision cap of self.parent().

EXAMPLES:

sage: R = ZpFM(5,5)
sage: S.<x> = R[]
sage: f = x^5 + 75*x^3 - 15*x^2 +125*x - 5
sage: W.<w> = R.ext(f)
sage: a = W(75); a
3*w^10 + 2*w^12 + w^14 + w^16 + w^17 + 3*w^18 + 3*w^19 + 2*w^21 + 3*w^22 + 3*w^23 + O(w^25)
sage: a.valuation()
10
sage: a.precision_absolute()
25
sage: a.precision_relative()
15
sage: a.unit_part()
3 + 2*w^2 + w^4 + w^6 + w^7 + 3*w^8 + 3*w^9 + 2*w^11 + 3*w^12 + 3*w^13 + w^15 + 4*w^16 + 2*w^17 + w^18 + w^22 + 3*w^24 + O(w^25)

precision_relative()

Returns the relative precision of self, ie the precision cap of self.parent() minus the valuation of self.

EXAMPLES:

sage: R = ZpFM(5,5)
sage: S.<x> = R[]
sage: f = x^5 + 75*x^3 - 15*x^2 +125*x - 5
sage: W.<w> = R.ext(f)
sage: a = W(75); a
3*w^10 + 2*w^12 + w^14 + w^16 + w^17 + 3*w^18 + 3*w^19 + 2*w^21 + 3*w^22 + 3*w^23 + O(w^25)
sage: a.valuation()
10
sage: a.precision_absolute()
25
sage: a.precision_relative()
15
sage: a.unit_part()
3 + 2*w^2 + w^4 + w^6 + w^7 + 3*w^8 + 3*w^9 + 2*w^11 + 3*w^12 + 3*w^13 + w^15 + 4*w^16 + 2*w^17 + w^18 + w^22 + 3*w^24 + O(w^25)

teichmuller_list()

Returns a list [$$a_0$$, $$a_1$$,..., $$a_n$$] such that

• $$a_i^q = a_i$$
• self.unit_part() = $$\sum_{i = 0}^n a_i \pi^i$$, where $$\pi$$ is a uniformizer of self.parent()

EXAMPLES:

sage: R.<a> = ZqFM(5^4,4)
sage: L = a.teichmuller_list(); L
[a + (2*a^3 + 2*a^2 + 3*a + 4)*5 + (4*a^3 + 3*a^2 + 3*a + 2)*5^2 + (4*a^2 + 2*a + 2)*5^3 + O(5^4), (3*a^3 + 3*a^2 + 2*a + 1) + (a^3 + 4*a^2 + 1)*5 + (a^2 + 4*a + 4)*5^2 + (4*a^2 + a + 3)*5^3 + O(5^4), (4*a^3 + 2*a^2 + a + 1) + (2*a^3 + 2*a^2 + 2*a + 4)*5 + (3*a^3 + 2*a^2 + a + 1)*5^2 + (a^3 + a^2 + 2)*5^3 + O(5^4), (a^3 + a^2 + a + 4) + (3*a^3 + 1)*5 + (3*a^3 + a + 2)*5^2 + (3*a^3 + 3*a^2 + 3*a + 1)*5^3 + O(5^4)]
sage: sum([5^i*L[i] for i in range(4)])
a + O(5^4)
sage: all([L[i]^625 == L[i] for i in range(4)])
True

sage: S.<x> = ZZ[]
sage: f = x^3 - 98*x + 7
sage: W.<w> = ZpFM(7,3).ext(f)
sage: b = (1+w)^5; L = b.teichmuller_list(); L
[1 + O(w^9), 5 + 5*w^3 + w^6 + 4*w^7 + O(w^9), 3 + 3*w^3 + w^7 + O(w^9), 3 + 3*w^3 + w^7 + O(w^9), O(w^9), 4 + 5*w^3 + w^6 + 4*w^7 + O(w^9), 3 + 3*w^3 + w^7 + O(w^9), 6 + w^3 + 5*w^7 + O(w^9), 6 + w^3 + 5*w^7 + O(w^9)]
sage: sum([w^i*L[i] for i in range(len(L))]) == b
True
sage: all([L[i]^(7^3) == L[i] for i in range(9)])
True

sage: L = W(3).teichmuller_list(); L
[3 + 3*w^3 + w^7 + O(w^9), O(w^9), O(w^9), 4 + 5*w^3 + w^6 + 4*w^7 + O(w^9), O(w^9), O(w^9), 3 + 3*w^3 + w^7 + O(w^9), 6 + w^3 + 5*w^7 + O(w^9)]
sage: sum([w^i*L[i] for i in range(len(L))])
3 + O(w^9)

trace(base=None)

Return the absolute or relative trace of this element.

If $$K$$ is given then $$K$$ must be a subfield of the parent $$L$$ of self, in which case the norm is the relative norm from $$L$$ to $$K$$. In all other cases, the norm is the absolute norm down to $$\mathbb{Q}_p$$ or $$\mathbb{Z}_p$$.

EXAMPLES:

sage: R = ZpCR(5,5)
sage: S.<x> = R[]
sage: f = x^5 + 75*x^3 - 15*x^2 +125*x - 5
sage: W.<w> = R.ext(f)
sage: a = (2+3*w)^7
sage: b = (6+w^3)^5
sage: a.trace()
3*5 + 2*5^2 + 3*5^3 + 2*5^4 + O(5^5)
sage: a.trace() + b.trace()
4*5 + 5^2 + 5^3 + 2*5^4 + O(5^5)
sage: (a+b).trace()
4*5 + 5^2 + 5^3 + 2*5^4 + O(5^5)

unit_part()

Returns the unit part of self, ie self / uniformizer^(self.valuation())

Warning

If this element has positive valuation then the unit part is not defined to the full precision of the ring. Asking for the unit part of ZpFM(5)(0) will not raise an error, but rather return itself.

EXAMPLES:

sage: R = ZpFM(5,5)
sage: S.<x> = R[]
sage: f = x^5 + 75*x^3 - 15*x^2 +125*x - 5
sage: W.<w> = R.ext(f)
sage: a = W(75); a
3*w^10 + 2*w^12 + w^14 + w^16 + w^17 + 3*w^18 + 3*w^19 + 2*w^21 + 3*w^22 + 3*w^23 + O(w^25)
sage: a.valuation()
10
sage: a.precision_absolute()
25
sage: a.precision_relative()
15
sage: a.unit_part()
3 + 2*w^2 + w^4 + w^6 + w^7 + 3*w^8 + 3*w^9 + 2*w^11 + 3*w^12 + 3*w^13 + w^15 + 4*w^16 + 2*w^17 + w^18 + w^22 + 3*w^24 + O(w^25)


The unit part inserts nonsense digits if this element has positive valuation:

sage: (a-a).unit_part()
O(w^25)


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