# Sat¶

Sage supports solving clauses in Conjunctive Normal Form (see Wikipedia article Conjunctive_normal_form), i.e., SAT solving, via an interface inspired by the usual DIMACS format used in SAT solving [SG09]. For example, to express that:

x1 OR x2 OR (NOT x3)

should be true, we write:

(1, 2, -3)


Warning

Variable indices must start at one.

## Solvers¶

Any SAT solver supporting the DIMACS input format is easily interfaced using the sage.sat.solvers.dimacs.DIMACS blueprint. Sage ships with pre-written interfaces for RSat [RS] and Glucose [GL]. Furthermore, Sage provides a C++ interface to the CryptoMiniSat [CMS] SAT solver which can be used interchangably with DIMACS-based solvers, but also provides advanced features. For this, the optional CryptoMiniSat package must be installed, this can be accomplished by typing:

sage: install_package('cryptominisat') # not tested


and by running sage -b from the shell afterwards to build Sage’s CryptoMiniSat extension module.

Since by default Sage does not include any SAT solver, we demonstrate key features by instantiating a fake DIMACS-based solver. We start with a trivial example:

(x1 OR x2 OR x3) AND (x1 OR x2 OR (NOT x3))

In Sage’s notation:

sage: from sage.sat.solvers.dimacs import DIMACS
sage: solver = DIMACS(command="sat-solver")
sage: solver.add_clause( ( 1,  2,  3) )
sage: solver.add_clause( ( 1,  2, -3) )


Note

sage.sat.solvers.dimacs.DIMACS.add_clause() creates new variables when necessary. In particular, it creates all variables up to the given index. Hence, adding a literal involving the variable 1000 creates up to 1000 internal variables.

DIMACS-base solvers can also be used to write DIMACS files:

sage: from sage.sat.solvers.dimacs import DIMACS
sage: fn = tmp_filename()
sage: solver = DIMACS(filename=fn)
sage: solver.add_clause( ( 1,  2,  3) )
sage: solver.add_clause( ( 1,  2, -3) )
sage: _ = solver.write()
...      print line,
p cnf 3 2
1 2 3 0
1 2 -3 0


Alternatively, there is sage.sat.solvers.dimacs.DIMACS.clauses():

sage: from sage.sat.solvers.dimacs import DIMACS
sage: fn = tmp_filename()
sage: solver = DIMACS()
sage: solver.add_clause( ( 1,  2,  3) )
sage: solver.add_clause( ( 1,  2, -3) )
sage: solver.clauses(fn)
...      print line,
p cnf 3 2
1 2 3 0
1 2 -3 0


These files can then be passed external SAT solvers.

We demonstrate solving using CryptoMiniSat:

sage: from sage.sat.solvers import CryptoMiniSat # optional - cryptominisat
sage: cms = CryptoMiniSat()                      # optional - cryptominisat
sage: cms.add_clause((1,2,-3))                   # optional - cryptominisat
sage: cms()                                      # optional - cryptominisat
(None, True, True, False)


## Converters¶

Sage supports conversion from Boolean polynomials (also known as Algebraic Normal Form) to Conjunctive Normal Form:

sage: B.<a,b,c> = BooleanPolynomialRing()
sage: from sage.sat.converters.polybori import CNFEncoder
sage: from sage.sat.solvers.dimacs import DIMACS
sage: fn = tmp_filename()
sage: solver = DIMACS(filename=fn)
sage: e = CNFEncoder(solver, B)
sage: e.clauses_sparse(a*b + a + 1)
sage: _ = solver.write()
p cnf 3 2
1 0
-2 0


## Highlevel Interfaces¶

Sage provides various highlevel functions which make working with Boolean polynomials easier. We construct a very small-scale AES system of equations and pass it to a SAT solver:

sage: sr = mq.SR(1,1,1,4,gf2=True,polybori=True)
sage: F,s = sr.polynomial_system()
sage: from sage.sat.boolean_polynomials import solve as solve_sat # optional - cryptominisat
sage: s = solve_sat(F)                                            # optional - cryptominisat
sage: F.subs(s[0])                                                # optional - cryptominisat
Polynomial Sequence with 36 Polynomials in 0 Variables


REFERENCES: